HEART DISEASE ” Heart disease” describes several heart conditions significantly affecting heart vessels. This is a broad term that covers many heart-related problems and needs. It includes – 1- CARDIAC FAILURE 2- DISORDERS OF HEART VALVES 3- ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE 4- RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE 5- INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS 6- CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS 7- CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES CARDIAC FAILURE … Read more
DEFINITION OF ATHEROMA Atheroma is a fatty plaque/ emboli originating inside arteries. Atheroma is a medical term for the build-up of material that adheres to arteries. Routes most commonly involved are- The plague/ material comprises fat, cholesterol, proteins, calcium, connective tissue, inflammatory cells, and other substances circulating in the body. There may be multiple small … Read more
WHAT IS BLOOD PRESSURE DEFINITIONS Blood pressure can be defined as the lateral pressure exerted by the moving column of blood on the wall of arteries. The normal blood pressure is about 120/80 mm of Hg. What is blood pressure? Pressure is highest during ‘systole‘ when the ventricles are contracting (systolic pressure) and lowest during … Read more
The heart is a roughly cone-shaped hollow muscular organ lying between the lungs, with the pointed end (apex) directed downward, forward, and to the left. The heart is about 10 cm long and is about the size of the owner’s closed fist. It weighs about 225g in women and is heavier in men ( about … Read more
WHAT IS CARDIOGENIC SHOCK? Cardiogenic shock is a type of shock with decreased heart pumping efficiency due to damaged heart muscle. Hence blood supply to the vital organs such as the brain and heart myocardium is reduced. The pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock is determined by tissue hypoxia resulting from severely impaired ventricular pump function in … Read more
DEFINITION OF CORONARY CIRCULATION The blood and nutrition supply to the heart muscles (especially the myocardium) is called coronary circulation. What is coronary circulation? The two arteries supplying the heart, the right and left coronary arteries arise from the aorta above the aortic valve. The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, and … Read more
WHAT IS RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE Rheumatic heart disease is a chronic inflammatory process of the membrane surrounding the heart due to rheumatic fever. This fever mainly affects children and young adults, resulting in delayed complications of upper respiratory tract infection with hemolytic streptococci. Death rarely occurs in the acute phase, despite retrieval there may be … Read more
The term respiration means the exchange of gases between body cells and the environment. This involves two main processes. 1- Breathing-: This is the movement of air into and out of the lungs. 2- Exchange of gases-: This takes place two- Blood provides the transport medium for the gases between the lungs and tissue cells. … Read more
The cells of the body need energy for all their metabolic activities. Most of this energy is derived from chemical reactions, which can only take place in the presence of oxygen. The main waste product of these reactions is carbon dioxide. The respiratory system provides the route by which the supply of oxygen present in … Read more
